Kwingxelo yayo yoHlolo lwezoThutho lwaseLwandle ngo-2021, iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo noPhuhliso (i-UNCTAD) ithe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthutha iikhonteyina okwangoku, ukuba kuyaqhubeka, kunokunyusa amanqanaba exabiso lokungenisa impahla kwihlabathi liphela nge-11% kunye namanqanaba exabiso labathengi nge-1.5% phakathi kwangoku no-2023.

Impembelelo yeendleko eziphezulu zokuthutha impahla iya kuba nkulu kumazwe asakhasayo aseziqithini ezincinci (SIDS), anokubona amaxabiso okungenisa impahla enyuka ngama-24% kwaye amaxabiso abathengi enyuke nge-7.5%. Kumazwe angaphuhlanga kangako (ii-LDC), amanqanaba amaxabiso abathengi anokunyuka nge-2.2%.

Ekupheleni kuka-2020, amazinga okuthutha impahla ayenyuke kakhulu afikelela kumanqanaba angalindelekanga. Oku kubonakaliswe kwizinga leShanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI).

Umzekelo, izinga le-SCFI kwindlela ephakathi kweShanghai neYurophu lalingaphantsi kwe-$1,000 nge-TEU ngoJuni ka-2020, lanyuka laya kutsho malunga ne-$4,000 nge-TEU ekupheleni kuka-2020, laza lanyuka laya ku-$7,552 nge-TEU ekupheleni kukaNovemba ka-2021. 

Ngaphezu koko, amazinga okuthutha impahla kulindeleke ukuba ahlale ephezulu ngenxa yemfuno eqhubekayo enamandla kunye nokungaqiniseki kokunikezelwa kwempahla kunye neenkxalabo malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwezothutho kunye namazibuko.

Ngokwengxelo yamva nje evela kwiSea-Intelligence, inkampani yedatha kunye neengcebiso zaselwandle eseCopenhagen, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla elwandle kungathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemibini ukubuyela kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo.

Amaxabiso aphezulu aya kuchaphazela nezinto ezinexabiso eliphantsi ezifana nefenitshala, amalaphu, iimpahla kunye neemveliso zesikhumba, apho imveliso yazo idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa kwiindawo ezixabisa imivuzo ephantsi kude kakhulu neemarike ezinkulu zabathengi. I-UNCTAD iqikelela ukuba amaxabiso abathengi aya kunyuka nge-10.2% kwezi zinto.

Uhlolo lwezoThutho lwaseLwandle yingxelo ephambili ye-UNCTAD, epapashwa minyaka le ukusukela ngo-1968. Ibonelela ngohlalutyo lotshintsho lwesakhiwo nolwemijikelo oluchaphazela urhwebo lwaselwandle, amazibuko kunye neenqanawa, kunye nengqokelela ebanzi yezibalo ezivela kurhwebo lwaselwandle kunye nezothutho.